February 2012, Dr. Nicole Velotta, DVM

We categorize pets dental heath into grades, which help us make decisions about what care, is needed.

Grade 1:  Healthy – The gums are light pink or pigmented.  There is no bleeding on exam with a periodontal probe and there is no calculus.  The pet’s breath is not offensive.

Grade 2:  Mild Disease – There is gingivitis, meaning the gums are red and inflamed.  A minor amount of plaque and tarter has formed on the tooth surface.  The pet has minor halitosis (bad breath).

Grade 3:  Moderate Disease – Gingivitis and moderate tarter and plaque are present.   There may be gingival recession.  The gums bleed easily upon probing.  Bone loss and some slightly mobile teeth.  The pet has marked halitosis.

Grade 4:  Advanced Disease – Heavy plaque and calculus.  Gingival recession and bone loss are present.  The pet has severe halitosis.  There are multiple loose teeth.

Pets that are categorized as grade one have good dental health.  In these pets we recommend dental prophylaxis, such as brushing teeth and dental chews, to maintain good health.  Pets that fall into grade two need to have a dental cleaning within a year.  Grade three is more serious and requires immediate dental cleaning with possible extractions.  Grade four has severe disease that is overdue for a dental cleaning and will have the need for extractions.

Dr. Nicole Velotta, DVM